Determining the Most Feasible Biomimetic Propulsion Mechanism To Reduce Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Maritime Transport

Abstract

The propulsion of marine animals is the product of millions of years of evolutionary optimization, resulting in extremely efficient movement. Replicating this motion in man-made machines offers the potential to reduce fuel consumption and emissions in ships. This paper examines research on two different promising biomimetic propulsion mechanisms, tubercles and flapping foils, in order to identify the most feasible and effective technology for sustainable shipping. Analysis of experimental and computational studies shows that tubercles upstream of propellors can reduce total resistance by about 6%, directly lowering shaft power requirements and greenhouse gas emissions, while tubercle-modified propellers improve low-speed thrust and wake quality though with tradeoffs at high speeds. Flapping foils demonstrate high propulsive efficiency in controlled tests, but their mechanical complexity, maintenance demands, and scaling challenges limit feasibility for widespread adoption. The findings indicate that tubercle-assisted systems, due to their relative simplicity and proven performance, are the most practical and efficient option for near-term reductions in maritime fuel consumption and emissions.